Deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems rely on chemosynthesis, using chemical reactions from minerals for energy, not sunlight.
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Science
Hydrothermal vents, found at the bottom of the ocean, emit superheated fluids that contain minerals such as hydrogen sulfide. Bacteria in these extreme environments utilize a process called chemosynthesis, where they convert chemical energy from these minerals into organic matter. This supports entire ecosystems without any sunlight, allowing diverse forms of life to thrive in these abyssal zones.
